Author Archives: Alok Gogate

Unlocking Value from Waste in India’s Waste Management

Gasification technology is a waste-to-energy (WTE) solution that converts dry waste into a usable gas called “syngas.” The gasification process involves heating dry waste to high temperatures in the presence of a limited amount of oxygen. This results in the production of syngas, which can be used as a fuel for various applications such as generating electricity, heating, and cooking. The remaining solid waste, known as slag, can be used for construction materials.

One of the advantages of gasification technology is that it can handle a wide range of waste types, including municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, and industrial waste. Another advantage of gasification technology is that it produces significantly fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional waste management methods such as landfilling. This is because the syngas produced by the gasification process can be used as a fuel source, reducing the need for fossil fuels.

Gasification technology also has the potential to create employment opportunities and generate revenue. For example, the syngas produced by the gasification process can be sold to industries as a fuel source, while the slag can be used for construction materials.

However, gasification technology is not without its challenges. The initial capital costs of setting up a gasification plant can be high, and the technology requires a skilled workforce to operate and maintain. Additionally, there may be issues with waste segregation and the quality of the feedstock used in the gasification process.

Overall, gasification technology has the potential to be an effective solution for managing dry waste in India. With the right policies and investments, it could help to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, while also providing a source of renewable energy and economic opportunities.

Gasification Technology Case Studies

In India, there are several examples of gasification technology being used for dry waste management. Here are a few:

1. Jindal Urban Infrastructure Limited (JUIL) Waste-to-Energy Plant: This plant is located in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, and has a capacity of processing 600 tons of municipal solid waste per day. It generates 11 MW of electricity and 30 tons of ash per day.
2. Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited Waste-to-Energy Plant: This plant is located in Hyderabad, Telangana, and has a capacity of processing 500 tons of municipal solid waste per day. It generates 11.5 MW of electricity and 35-40 tons of ash per day.
3. Essel Infraprojects Limited Waste-to-Energy Plant: This plant is located in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, and has a capacity of processing 600 tons of municipal solid waste per day. It generates 11 MW of electricity and 35-40 tons of ash per day.
4. Sembcorp Gayatri Power Limited Waste-to-Energy Plant: This plant is located in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, and has a capacity of processing 600 tons of municipal solid waste per day. It generates 8.6 MW of electricity and 20-25 tons of ash per day.
5. Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation Waste-to-Energy Plant: This plant is located in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, and has a capacity of processing 500 tons of municipal solid waste per day. It generates 4.5 MW of electricity and 10-12 tons of ash per day.

These are just a few examples of gasification technology being used for dry waste management in India. With the growing demand for sustainable waste management practices, it is likely that more such projects will be developed in the future.

What is Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) ?

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a type of fuel produced by sorting and processing non-recyclable waste materials such as municipal solid waste (MSW), construction and demolition (C&D) waste, and industrial waste. In India, the government has introduced several policies and guidelines to promote the use of RDF as a sustainable energy source.

Some of the key policies and guidelines related to RDF production from MSW in India are:

• Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules (2016): The rules provide for the segregation of MSW at source, which is a critical step in the production of RDF. The rules also encourage the use of RDF as a renewable source of energy.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission): The mission aims to make India clean by promoting waste segregation, composting, and recycling. RDF production from MSW is also one of the focus areas of the mission.
• Waste to Energy Policy (2016): The policy provides for the promotion of RDF production from MSW as a source of renewable energy. It also encourages the use of RDF in cement kilns and power plants.

Overall, the production of RDF from MSW is an important step towards the management of solid waste in India and the promotion of renewable energy. The government has taken several steps to promote RDF production, and there are several plants operating at different scales across the country. The SWM Scheme provides financial assistance to local bodies and municipalities for setting up RDF plants and waste-to-energy projects. The WTE Policy aims to promote the use of RDF as a fuel source for power generation, and encourages private sector participation in setting up RDF-based power plants. The Biomass Energy Policy provides incentives for the use of RDF as a renewable energy source, and encourages the development of decentralized RDF plants.

In terms of the scale of RDF plants in India, there are several examples of large-scale and small-scale plants.

Some of the large-scale plants include:

• Okhla waste-to-energy plant in Delhi with a capacity of 16 MW
• Ghazipur waste-to-energy plant in Delhi with a capacity of 12 MW
• Namakkal waste-to-energy plant in Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 15 MW
• Noida waste-to-energy plant in Uttar Pradesh with a capacity of 10 MW

Some of the small-scale plants include:

• Agartala RDF plant in Tripura with a capacity of 10 TPD (tonnes per day)
• Jaipur RDF plant in Rajasthan with a capacity of 2 TPD
• Nashik RDF plant in Maharashtra with a capacity of 5 TPD

Overall, the Indian government’s policies and guidelines promote the use of RDF as a sustainable energy source and provide incentives for setting up RDF plants of various scales.

Creating a Sustainable Future

Waste Recycling is the process of converting waste into new products. This method can be used for dry waste such as paper, plastic, metal, and glass. The technical guidelines for recycling include setting up collection points for recyclable materials, transporting them to the recycling facility, and ensuring that the recycled products meet the required quality standards.

India’s dry waste recycling market has been growing steadily over the years, driven by a combination of government initiatives, increasing public awareness, and the emergence of new technologies and business models. According to a report by the Central Pollution Control Board, India generates around 62 million tonnes of solid waste annually, out of which about 45 million tonnes is dry waste. However, only a small fraction of this waste is currently recycled, with the rest either ending up in landfills or being dumped in open spaces.

One of the key challenges facing the dry waste recycling market in India is the lack of proper waste management infrastructure and facilities. While there are some large-scale recycling plants in the country, a significant portion of the recycling is still done by small and informal players, who often lack the necessary technology, equipment, and regulatory compliance.

Factors that have helped scale dry waste recycling

Despite these challenges, the dry waste recycling market in India has significant scalability potential, driven by several factors.

• Growing awareness and concern for the environment and sustainability among the general public, which is leading to increased demand for recycled products.
• Government initiatives and policies aimed at promoting recycling and reducing waste generation, such as the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and the Plastic Waste Management Rules.
• The emergence of new technologies and business models, such as waste-to-energy and waste-to-compost, which are making recycling more efficient and cost-effective.
• The increasing involvement of corporate entities and investors in the sector, which is leading to the development of large-scale recycling infrastructure and the adoption of best practices.

Overall, the dry waste recycling market in India is poised for significant growth in the coming years, driven by the country’s large and growing waste generation, increasing public awareness, and government support. However, this growth will require significant investment in infrastructure and technology, as well as the development of strong regulatory frameworks to ensure compliance and quality control.

What is upcycling?

Upcycling is the process of transforming waste materials or products that are no longer useful into new materials or products of better quality and value. In India, the upcycling market for dry waste has been gaining traction in recent years, with several organizations and individuals contributing to this growing industry.

Here are some facts and figures related to the upcycling market for dry waste in India:

• The waste generated in India is estimated to be around 62 million tonnes per year, of which only about 43 million tonnes is collected, and only 11.9 million tonnes is treated or processed (source: Central Pollution Control Board).
• The waste generated in urban areas in India is expected to increase from 68.8 million tonnes in 2018 to 165 million tonnes by 2030 (source: McKinsey & Company).
• The upcycling market for dry waste in India is estimated to be worth Rs. 5,000 crore (approx. USD 684 million) (source: The Better India).
• India’s government has launched several initiatives to promote waste management and upcycling. For example, the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) aims to make India clean and open defecation-free by 2019, and the National Green Tribunal has directed all state governments to set up at least one waste-to-energy plant in their respective states.
• The upcycling market for dry waste is expected to grow in India due to the increasing awareness about waste management and sustainability, as well as the government’s push towards a circular economy.

India is home to various  upcycling waste product industries and here are some examples of companies working in India:

• Paper recycling industry: The paper recycling industry in India is growing rapidly, with a number of companies specializing in upcycling waste paper into new paper products. Some of the major players in this industry include ITC, Hindustan Paper Corporation, and Century Pulp and Paper.
• Plastic recycling industry: India is one of the largest producers of plastic waste in the world, and the plastic recycling industry is playing a key role in upcycling this waste. Companies such as Reliance Industries, GAIL, and IOCL are actively involved in the production of recycled plastic products.
• E-waste recycling industry: With the growing use of electronic devices in India, the e-waste recycling industry is becoming increasingly important. Companies such as Attero, Ecoreco, and Virogreen are involved in the upcycling of electronic waste into new products.
• Textile recycling industry: The textile industry is a major contributor to waste in India, and the textile recycling industry is working to upcycle this waste. Companies such as Ecoexist, Handspun Hope, and Rimagined are involved in the production of upcycled textile products.
• Metal recycling industry: The metal recycling industry in India is also growing, with companies such as Metallo Mondo and Metal Scrap Trading Corporation involved in the upcycling of metal waste into new products.

Overall, upcycling waste product industries and companies in India are making a significant contribution towards reducing waste and creating a more sustainable future through circularity.

Driving Sustainable and Inclusive Solid Waste Management

Waste pickers are Individuals collecting and sorting the waste at the landfills, along the roadside and at garbage vulnerable spots and having the only source of income through selling it further. Waste picker integration at critical junctures has tremendous potential.

“Waste picker” as term was first recognized in solid waste management rules 2016.

Definition of waste picker as per solid waste management rules 2016

Waste picker means a person or groups of persons informally engaged in collection and recovery of reusable and recyclable solid waste from the source of waste generation the streets, bins, material recovery facilities, processing and waste disposal facilities for sale to recyclers directly or through intermediaries to earn their livelihood. Informal waste collector includes individuals, associations or waste traders who are involved in sorting, sale and purchase of recyclable materials.

The rules also emphasize, advice or suggests implementation on following things related to waste pickers.

1. Inclusion of waste picker representatives in State Policy Consultations and in State level Advisory (SLA) committee
2. Program formation for registration of waste pickers
3. Directs waste generators to handover waste to authorized waste pickers and recyclers
4. Providing easy access to waste pickers at MRFs and dry waste facilities to promote recycling

In the current scenario waste pickers hold immense local intelligence being an active part of the recycling and waste management chain. Waste pickers have grown from being at 1st level of value chain i.e., being involved in collection of waste to being at 3rd level of value chain i.e., pre-processing and aggregators level.

Informal waste collector includes individuals, associations or waste traders who are involved in sorting, sale and purchase of recyclable materials. –

• Informally engaged – they are doing the waste picking from dumpsites on their own free will, and the ULB has had no formal permission or order for them to work on the garbage dump.
• Already engaged or have recently taken up the work – thus persons who have been working in waste, over the last decade or more.
• Source of livelihood – Selling the recyclables to the informal waste collector is there only source of livelihood. At times it is also observed that there is a nexus between the scrap shop aggregator and the waste picker, largely based on money credit

Well before the recognition; three organizations Stree Mukti Sanghatana (in 1980s), Kagad Kach Kachra Kashtakari Panchayat (in 1990s) and Chintan (in 2000s) had started working towards welfare and structuring the work of waste pickers in Mumbai, Pune and Delhi respectively.

Since then, there have been various pilot models for involving waste pickers in formal activities. It has been through these organizations that modules for waste pickers identification and waste picker integration were practiced and piloted in particular areas but have always been limited by geography, holistic view and lack of support from government to have sustainable, replicable business model. The concern is that the positive scenario is limited to a particular geography and particular group of waste pickers.

Best cases for waste picker integration

Promoting Recycling and Waste Management

India faces significant challenges when it comes to managing its solid waste. The country generates approximately 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per year, and a large proportion of this waste is dry waste. Dry waste includes items such as paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, and metal that do not decompose easily.

Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) are specialized facilities that separate, process, and prepare recyclable materials for market. They use various techniques like shredding, sorting, and screening to separate different types of recyclables.

MRFs are facilities where mixed dry waste is sorted and separated into different categories using various technologies such as magnets, screens, and air classifiers. The technical guidelines for material recovery facilities include setting up the facility in a designated area, ensuring proper ventilation, providing safety equipment for workers, and maintaining a record of the amount and type of waste processed.

A few technical guidelines for MRFs in India

In India, the guidelines for setting up Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) are provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

• Location: MRFs should be set up in designated areas that are easily accessible by waste collection vehicles.
• Design and layout: The design and layout of the MRF should be such that it allows for efficient sorting and separation of waste. The facility should have separate areas for storage of different types of waste, sorting and processing equipment, and a loading/unloading area for waste collection vehicles.
• Equipment: The MRF should be equipped with suitable machinery and equipment for sorting, shredding, baling, and storing of waste. The equipment should meet the required safety standards and should be maintained regularly.
• Capacity: The minimum capacity for an MRF in India is 1 ton per day, while the maximum capacity varies from state to state. However, the CPCB recommends that the capacity of the MRF should be determined based on the quantity and type of waste generated in the area.
• Workers: The MRF should have adequate numbers of trained workers to operate the equipment and handle the waste. The workers should be provided with appropriate safety equipment and training on handling hazardous waste.
• Environmental considerations: The MRF should comply with all the relevant environmental regulations, including those related to air and water pollution, noise levels, and disposal of hazardous waste.

Overall, the guidelines for MRFs in India aim to promote safe and efficient handling of waste, reduce the amount of waste going to landfills, and promote the recycling of materials.

Types of Material Recovery Facilities

There are several types of Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in India, each with its own waste handling capacity and resource requirements. Here are some examples:

1. Manual Sorting MRF: This type of MRF involves manual sorting of waste, and can handle up to 1-10 tonnes of waste per day. The resource requirements for this type of MRF include a sorting shed, conveyor belts, hand gloves, masks, and other protective gear for workers.
2. Semi-Mechanized MRF: A semi-mechanized MRF uses a combination of manual and mechanical sorting to process waste. It can handle up to 20-50 tonnes of waste per day. The resource requirements for this type of MRF include a sorting shed, conveyor belts, manual and automatic waste segregation machines, and safety equipment for workers.
3. Fully Mechanized MRF: A fully mechanized MRF uses advanced technology such as magnetic separators, eddy current separators, and optical sorters to sort waste. It can handle up to 100-150 tonnes of waste per day. The resource requirements for this type of MRF include a sorting shed, conveyor belts, advanced sorting machines, and trained technicians to operate and maintain the equipment.
4. Integrated Waste Management Facility: An Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF) is a large-scale waste processing plant that combines several waste management technologies such as MRFs, composting, waste-to-energy, and landfilling. It can handle up to 500-1000 tonnes of waste per day. The resource requirements for this type of facility include a large area of land, advanced waste management technologies, skilled technicians, and significant investment.

In terms of resource requirements, the guidelines for MRFs in India emphasize the need for adequate infrastructure, equipment, safety measures, and trained personnel. The Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 require that MRFs should have proper infrastructure, including sorting sheds, storage facilities, and safety equipment for workers.

The rules also require that MRFs should maintain records of the amount and type of waste processed and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. It is essential to conduct a detailed feasibility study before setting up an MRF to determine the appropriate technology and resource requirements based on local conditions and requirements.

Breaking Down the Administrative Machinery

In India, waste management is a complex issue that requires coordination between different levels of government and various departments. The administrative structure responsible for operating waste management systems can vary from state to state and depend on the urban or rural context.

The administrative structure of waste management in India varies across states and urban local bodies (ULBs), and rural areas. The primary responsibility for waste management lies with the ULBs in urban areas and with panchayats in rural areas.

State-wise administrative structure:

Each state in India has a separate administrative structure for waste management. The department responsible for operating waste management systems may be known as the Department of Municipal Administration, Department of Environment and Forests, or Department of Urban Development, depending on the state.

At the state level, the Department of Urban Development or the Department of Municipal Administration and Urban Development is responsible for overseeing waste management in urban areas. The Department of Rural Development is responsible for waste management in rural areas.

The following is a list of state-wise administrative structure responsible for waste management:

1. Andhra Pradesh – Department of Municipal Administration and Urban Development
2. Arunachal Pradesh – Department of Urban Development and Housing
3. Assam – Urban Development Department
4. Bihar – Urban Development and Housing Department
5. Chhattisgarh – Urban Administration and Development Department
6. Goa – Department of Science, Technology and Environment
7. Gujarat – Urban Development and Urban Housing Department
8. Haryana – Urban Local Bodies Department
9. Himachal Pradesh – Department of Urban Development
10. Jammu and Kashmir – Urban Development Department
11. Jharkhand – Urban Development and Housing Department
12. Karnataka – Department of Urban Development
13. Kerala – Local Self Government Department
14. Madhya Pradesh – Urban Development and Housing Department
15. Maharashtra – Urban Development Department
16. Manipur – Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department
17. Meghalaya – Urban Affairs Department
18. Mizoram – Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation Department
19. Nagaland – Urban Development Department
20. Odisha – Housing and Urban Development Department
21. Punjab – Department of Local Government
22. Rajasthan – Local Self Government Department
23. Sikkim – Urban Development and Housing Department
24. Tamil Nadu – Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department
25. Telangana – Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department
26. Tripura – Urban Development Department
27. Uttar Pradesh – Urban Development Department
28. Uttarakhand – Urban Development Department
29. West Bengal – Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department

ULB administrative structure for waste management

The ULBs are responsible for waste management in urban areas. The administrative structure of ULBs varies depending on the state. Typically, each ULB has a Commissioner or Chief Officer (CO) who is responsible for the overall management of the ULB. The Solid Waste Management (SWM) department is responsible for the management of waste.

Rural administrative structure

In rural areas, the responsibility for waste management lies with the panchayats. The panchayats are responsible for waste collection, transportation, and disposal. The administrative structure of panchayats varies depending on the state. Typically, each panchayat has a Sarpanch or Gram Panchayat President who is responsible for the overall management of the panchayat. The Solid Waste Management (SWM) department is responsible for the management of waste.

In general, waste management in urban areas is the responsibility of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), which are the local governments that govern urban areas, such as municipalities, city corporations, or town councils. In rural areas, the Gram Panchayats or Village Councils are responsible for waste management.

In addition to the departments mentioned above, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is responsible for coordinating and promoting sustainable waste management practices at the national level.

Streamlining Waste Collection

In India, the contracts for collection, transportation, and processing for MSW management are typically awarded through a tender process based on Request for Proposal (RFP). These RFPs for municipal solid waste specify the terms and conditions of the contract, including the scope of work, service delivery standards, payment mechanisms, and penalties for non-performance.

There are several types of contracts that can be used for MSW management in India, depending on the specific requirements of the municipality and the available resources.

Commonly used Contract Types:

1. Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) – In this type of contract, the contractor designs, builds, and operates the MSW management system for a specified period, after which ownership is transferred back to the municipality. Under this contract, a private entity is responsible for the entire process of collection, transportation, and processing of MSW. The entity invests its own capital in establishing the necessary infrastructure and operations, operates the system for a specified period, and then transfers ownership back to the municipality at the end of the contract period.
2. Design-Build-Operate (DBO) – This contract is similar to BOT, but the private entity only designs and constructs the infrastructure required for MSW management, with the municipality retaining ownership. The entity then operates the system for a specified period before transferring operations back to the municipality.
3. Design-Build-Operate-Maintain (DBOM) – Similar to DBO, this contract includes the responsibility for maintenance and repair of the system.
4. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) – In this type of contract, the municipality retains ownership of the MSW management system and outsources the operation and maintenance activities to a contractor.
5. Performance-based contracting (PBC) – This contract type is based on the achievement of specific performance indicators agreed upon between the municipality and the contractor.
6. Service Contract – A service contract is a more straightforward type of contract in which a private entity provides collection, transportation, and/or processing services for a fixed period of time, usually on a per-tonne or per-vehicle basis. The municipality retains ownership and responsibility for the waste management system, and the private entity is paid a fee for its services.

Sample documents for these types of contracts are not publicly available. However, the MSWM Rules, 2016 provide guidelines for procurement and contracting of MSW management services, including the preparation of bidding documents, evaluation criteria, and contract management. These guidelines can be used as a reference when preparing and evaluating contracts for MSW management services.

Here are some links to sample RFPs and model tender documents related to solid waste management:

• Bidding Documents for Public Private Partnership in Integrated Solid Waste Management and Integrated Liquid Waste Management
• Request for proposal for development of integrated solid waste management (for C&T/Processing/Integrated models) system
• Sample RFP document for city (From SBM Portal)
• Model Tender Document for Solid Waste Management System
• Sample REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) for Selection of Contractor for The Work of “Scientific Dumpsite Land Reclamation through Bio-mining, Resource Recovery and Scientific Rejects Disposal
• Model Tender for Biogas Plant- 1TPD, 5TPD and 10 TPD capacity
• Model Tender Document for SWM using Biogas Technology- Detailed Bill of quantities
• Model Tender Document for Solid Waste Management System Using Mechanical Composting/ Organic Waste Converter of modular capacities

Harnessing ESR Principles for Long-term Success

ESR (Environmental, Social, and Governance) is a framework that evaluates the sustainability and ethical impact of an investment or business decision. ESR takes into account a wide range of factors such as environmental impact, social responsibility, labor standards, human rights, and governance practices.

ESR involves evaluating a company’s performance in three areas:

• Environmental Responsibility: This involves assessing a company’s impact on the environment, such as its carbon footprint, water usage, and waste management practices.
• Social Responsibility: This involves assessing a company’s impact on society, including its treatment of employees, human rights practices, and community engagement.
• Governance Responsibility: This involves assessing a company’s internal governance structures, such as its board of directors, executive compensation, and shareholder rights.

ESR projects are initiatives taken by companies or organizations to improve their environmental, social, and governance performance. These projects can take many forms, such as investing in renewable energy, reducing carbon emissions, improving employee working conditions, or implementing more sustainable supply chain practices.

Investment in the Environment and Solid Waste Management sector is an important aspect of ESR. Companies invest in this sector to address issues such as air pollution, water pollution, waste management, and climate change. The investment can take the form of equity, debt, or a combination of both.

In India, there are several companies that invest in ESR funding. Some of the prominent ones include:

• Tata Capital: Tata Capital is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and provides finance for renewable energy projects and sustainable infrastructure.
• Acumen: Acumen is a non-profit impact investment fund that invests in companies addressing social and environmental challenges.
• IIFL Asset Management: IIFL Asset Management is an investment management firm that focuses on ESG investing in India.
• Standard Chartered Bank: Standard Chartered Bank has committed to providing $75 billion in sustainable financing by 2025, including investments in renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure.
• IDFC Asset Management: IDFC Asset Management is a fund management company that offers ESG investing options to its clients.

Overall, ESR is an important aspect of sustainable business practices, and investment in the Environment and Solid Waste Management sector can have a significant positive impact on the environment and society.

Promoting Positive Change in India

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept that refers to the responsibility of businesses to positively impact society and the environment in which they operate. It involves a commitment to conduct business in an ethical and sustainable manner and to contribute to the development of the communities in which the business operates.

In India, the concept of CSR was introduced in the Companies Act, 2013. Under the law, companies with a net worth of Rs. 500 crore or more, or a turnover of Rs. 1,000 crore or more, or a net profit of Rs. 5 crore or more in a financial year are required to spend at least 2% of their average net profits over the preceding three years on CSR activities.

CSR initiatives in India cover a wide range of areas, including education, healthcare, sanitation, women’s empowerment, environmental sustainability, and more. The government has also identified certain key sectors, such as education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability, as priority areas for CSR investment.

In terms of investment under the environment sector, companies in India have been increasingly focusing on initiatives that promote sustainability and conservation. These initiatives may include measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve natural resources, promote renewable energy, and improve waste management practices.

Some examples of CSR initiatives in the environmental sector in India include the following:

• Tata Steel’s initiative to promote sustainable mining practices and reduce carbon emissions
• Hindustan Unilever’s initiative to reduce its environmental footprint and promote sustainable living through its “Sustainable Living Plan”
• Mahindra & Mahindra’s initiative to promote sustainable agriculture and reduce water consumption in agriculture
• ITC’s initiative to promote sustainable forestry and reduce the environmental impact of its paper and packaging operations

Overall, CSR activities in India have the potential to make a significant impact on society and the environment. Through responsible investment and sustainable business practices, companies can contribute to the development of communities and help create a more sustainable future for all.

Under the environment sector, several companies in India have undertaken CSR projects focusing on various aspects of environmental sustainability, such as renewable energy, waste management, and biodiversity conservation.

Some examples of CSR initiatives under the solid waste management sector include:

• Waste segregation and recycling: Companies may invest in programs that promote waste segregation and recycling in their communities. This can include providing recycling bins and educational materials to households, and partnering with local recycling facilities to process the collected waste.
• Clean-up drives: Companies may organize clean-up drives to remove litter and debris from public spaces, such as parks, beaches, and waterways. These events can help raise awareness about the negative impacts of waste on the environment and promote community involvement in waste management.
• Composting initiatives: Companies may support the establishment of community composting facilities, where organic waste can be processed into nutrient-rich compost that can be used for gardening and agriculture. This can help reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
• Waste-to-energy projects: Companies may invest in waste-to-energy technologies, such as anaerobic digestion or incineration, that can generate renewable energy from waste. This can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide a sustainable source of energy.

Some companies that are involved in CSR projects under the solid waste management sector include:

• Coca-Cola: The Coca-Cola Company has a global initiative called “World Without Waste,” which aims to collect and recycle the equivalent of 100% of its packaging by 2030. The company has invested in waste collection and recycling programs in many countries around the world, and has partnered with local governments and NGOs to promote sustainable waste management practices.
• Unilever: Unilever has a sustainability program called “Clean Future,” which aims to eliminate the use of fossil fuel-based chemicals in its cleaning and laundry products by 2030. The company has also invested in waste reduction and recycling programs, and has committed to using 25% recycled plastic in its packaging by 2025.
• Procter & Gamble: Procter & Gamble has a global sustainability program called “Ambition 2030,” which includes a goal to reduce its environmental footprint by 50%. The company has invested in waste reduction and recycling initiatives, and has committed to using 100% recyclable or reusable packaging by 2030.
• Waste Management Inc.: Waste Management is a waste management company that provides collection, recycling, and disposal services to businesses and communities in North America. The company has invested in waste-to-energy and recycling technologies, and has a goal to divert 50% of waste from landfills by 2038.

India’s Path to Sustainability and a Greener, More Inclusive Future

ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance, which are three key factors used to measure the sustainability and ethical impact of investments and business practices. Companies and investors are increasingly taking ESG factors into account when making decisions, as there is growing recognition of the need to operate in a way that is environmentally responsible, socially inclusive, and well-governed.

SDGs, on the other hand, refer to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, which are a set of 17 goals aimed at achieving sustainable development and improving the quality of life for all people around the world. The SDGs cover a range of issues, including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, renewable energy, and climate action.

In the Indian scenario, there is growing recognition of the importance of ESG and SDGs, and the government and companies are taking steps to promote sustainable development and reduce the environmental and social impact of economic activities. For example, the Indian government has launched several initiatives aimed at achieving its SDG targets, such as the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) aimed at promoting cleanliness and hygiene, and the Skill India Mission aimed at providing vocational training to youth.

Similarly, companies in India are increasingly incorporating ESG factors into their decision-making processes, with many of them setting targets for reducing their carbon footprint, promoting gender diversity, and improving their social impact. There is also a growing trend of impact investing in India, where investors seek to generate financial returns while also making a positive impact on society and the environment.

Overall, there is a growing recognition in India of the need to promote sustainable development and achieve the SDGs, and there are many initiatives underway to achieve these goals. However, there is still much work to be done, and ongoing efforts are needed to ensure that economic growth is inclusive, environmentally sustainable, and socially responsible.

India’s ESG Goals

India has set several environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals aimed at achieving sustainable development and reducing the impact of economic activities on the environment. Here are some of the key ESG goals of India:

• Climate Change Mitigation: India has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 33-35% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels. It has also set a target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 and 450 GW by 2030.
• Clean Air and Water: The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) and the National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) have been launched to improve air and water quality across the country. The government has also introduced the Jal Jeevan Mission to provide piped water to all households in the country by 2024.
• Sustainable Agriculture: India has launched several initiatives to promote sustainable agriculture practices and increase agricultural productivity. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and the Soil Health Card Scheme are some of the programs aimed at improving farm incomes and reducing the environmental impact of agriculture.
• Social Inclusion: The government has launched several programs to promote social inclusion and reduce inequality. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana aims to provide access to financial services to all households in the country, while the National Health Protection Scheme provides health insurance coverage to vulnerable sections of society.
• Corporate Governance: India has implemented several reforms aimed at improving corporate governance, such as the Companies Act, 2013, which requires companies to disclose their CSR activities and set up a CSR committee.

Overall, India has made significant progress in achieving its ESG goals, but there is still much work to be done to ensure sustainable development and reduce the impact of economic activities on the environment

India’s SDG Goals Related to Environment Sector

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to achieve a sustainable future for all. India is committed to achieving these goals and has taken significant steps to address various issues related to the environment.

Here are some of the current status and milestones related to the environment sector in India:

Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation – In India, around 163 million people do not have access to safe drinking water, and only 40% of the population has access to basic sanitation. The government has launched several programs, such as the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and the Jal Jeevan Mission, to address these issues and provide clean water and sanitation to all citizens.

Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy – India has set a target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, of which 100 GW will come from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from biomass, and 5 GW from small hydro. The country has already achieved a capacity of 100 GW from renewable sources and is on track to meet its target.

Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities – India’s urban areas face significant challenges related to air pollution, waste management, and access to basic services. The government has launched several initiatives to address these issues, including the Smart Cities Mission and the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production – India is one of the largest consumers of plastic in the world, and the country generates around 25,940 tonnes of plastic waste per day. The government has launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and the Plastic Waste Management Rules to promote responsible consumption and production and reduce plastic waste.

Goal 13: Climate Action – India has set a target of reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels. The country has also launched the National Clean Air Programme to address air pollution and promote climate action.

Goal 14: Life Below Water – India has a long coastline and significant marine biodiversity, but overfishing, pollution, and climate change pose significant threats to marine ecosystems. The government has launched several initiatives to address these issues, including the Swachh Sagar Abhiyan and the National Biodiversity Act.

Goal 15: Life on Land – India has a rich biodiversity, but many species are under threat due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The government has launched several programs, such as the National Biodiversity Act and the National Wildlife Action Plan, to protect and conserve wildlife and their habitats.

Overall, India has made significant progress towards achieving the SDGs related to the environment sector, but there is still a long way to go to achieve the targets by 2030.

Mitigating Emissions, Empowering Communities

In India, carbon offsetting has gained increasing attention and relevance over the past few years as a tool to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change. Carbon offsetting is a mechanism that allows individuals or organizations to offset their carbon emissions by funding projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gas emissions in other parts of the world.

One of the key drivers of carbon offsetting in India is the country’s commitment to the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. India has pledged to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 33-35% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels, and to achieve 40% of its electricity generation from renewable sources by 2030.

Carbon offsetting projects implemented in India

There are several carbon offsetting projects that have been implemented in India, ranging from renewable energy to afforestation and forest conservation initiatives. Some of the implementing agencies/companies and the scale of the projects are listed below:

• Wind Energy Projects by Suzlon Energy: Suzlon Energy is one of the largest wind turbine manufacturers in India, and they have implemented several wind energy projects in different parts of the country. The company has commissioned over 11,000 MW of wind energy projects globally, which have resulted in significant carbon emissions reductions.
• Solar Energy Projects by Tata Power Solar: Tata Power Solar is a leading solar energy company in India that has implemented several large-scale solar projects across the country. The company has commissioned over 5,400 MW of solar energy projects globally, which have resulted in significant carbon emissions reductions.
• Afforestation Projects by Afforestt: Afforestt is a company that specializes in creating forests on barren lands using a unique plantation technique. They have implemented several afforestation projects in different parts of India, including in urban areas, and have successfully planted millions of trees.
• Forest Conservation Projects by Wildlife Conservation Trust: The Wildlife Conservation Trust is an organization that works to protect wildlife and their habitats in India. They have implemented several forest conservation projects across the country, which have resulted in significant carbon emissions reductions.
• Clean Cookstove Projects by Envirofit: Envirofit is a company that manufactures and distributes clean cookstoves in India. The company has implemented several clean cookstove projects in different parts of the country, which have resulted in significant carbon emissions reductions.

The scale of these projects varies, with some being small-scale community projects, and others being large-scale projects implemented by companies and organizations. However, all of these projects have contributed to reducing carbon emissions in India and have made a significant impact on the country’s efforts to mitigate climate change.

The Indian government has also launched several initiatives to promote carbon offsetting, such as the National Clean Energy Fund and the Clean Development Mechanism. Additionally, there are several private organizations in India that provide carbon offsetting services, allowing individuals and organizations to calculate their carbon footprint and offset their emissions by investing in carbon offset projects.

However, there are also concerns regarding the effectiveness and transparency of carbon offsetting, and the potential for offsetting to be used as a substitute for reducing emissions at the source. It is therefore important to ensure that carbon offsetting is used as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, emissions reduction efforts. Additionally, it is important to ensure that carbon offset projects are transparent, credible, and have a positive impact on local communities and the environment.

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